Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Military Accountability

What is Accountability in the Army: the obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate records of property, documents, or funds. Accountability is concerned primarily with records. why is accountability important in the army? accountability is a very important part of an enlisted and a NCO's job. the enlisted soldier is responsible for all items issued to him or her weather it be a weapon,NVG's clothers,a vehicle, or TA-50. The NCO's responsiblity is to make sure that the soldier is accountable for the items and has eyes on these items when needed, so that he or she can report it to his or her, highercommand. accountability also includes the most important asset the army has spent millions to teain and equip. the soldier him or herself. anything can and will happen especially in combat, that why the team leader or squad leader and up the chain should know where the soldier and his equipment is at all times. The army spends a lot of money on equipment and belongings for the soldiers, so the army expects to know where its equipment is. no matter what someone is always responsible for equipments in the army. it goes to the highest officer to the lowest enlisted personal in the chain of command and back up again. Accountability is being dependable-arriving to work and appointments on time, meeting deadlines,being in the right place at the right time, doing the right thing at all times. Morning formation is the most important formation of the day. It is made to get accountability of everyone and put out any information that needs to be dealt with. Without having accountability there is no knowledge of where everybody is or what's going on. Accountability is extreamly important at this point of time, everyone is off doing other missions while the rest of us are still with the main group. With the holidays comimg up the importance of accountability will heighten even more.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

A Case Analysis on Starbucks’ Mission Essay

Summary Named after the first mate in Moby Dick, Starbucks was founded in 1971 by three partners in Seattle’s renowned open-air Pike Place Market. Starbucks is now the third largest restaurant chain in the country, nearly 1,000 stores in 55 countries. It was the intention of director of retail operations and marketing Howard Schlutz to make Starbucks into â€Å"the third place† consumers frequent, after home and work. You can find a Starbucks in various settings including office buildings, bookstores, and university campuses. Starbucks promotes convenience by selling its products through retail outlets. In order to remain competitive, Starbucks has introduced many new products over the years. The recent global recession brought a change in policy, causing Starbucks to cut back on expansion in the US and focus more on international markets. See more:  Perseverance essay Taking necessary measures to remain relevant, Starbucks has come up with successful, â€Å"keep customers coming† methods such as, Breakfast pairings, VIA instant coffee, Starbucks card, even a mobile app. Another key part of the Starbucks image involves its commitment to ethics and sustainability, â€Å"people first, profit last†. Because of its strong corporate culture, Starbucks has been ranked Fortune’s â€Å"100 Best Companies to Work for† for nearly a decade as well as being voted â€Å"Most Ethical Company† Founder and chair Schlutz is a true believer that ethical companies do better in the long run. Starbucks is also actively involved with nonprofit organizations around the globe including but not limited to Bono’s Product RED who raise money for HIV and AIDS research. The company also makes $14.5 in loans t poor farmers around the world. Schlutz key to maintaining a strong business is â€Å"creating an environment where everyone bel ieves they’re part of something larger than themselves but believes they also have a voice.† The company’s efforts at transparency, the treatment of its workers, and its dozens of philanthropic commitments demonstrate how genuine Starbucks is in its mission to be an ethical and socially responsible company. Its reputation is built on product quality, stakeholder concern, and a balanced approach to all of its business activities. In spite of Starbucks efforts to maintain high ethical standards, the company has garnished harsh criticisms on issues such as lack of fair trade coffee, hormone added milk, Schlutz alleged financial links to the Israeli government and that the company’s relentless growth has forced locally run coffee shops out of business. The challenges that the company has experienced and will continue to experience have convinced it to focus on its strengths. And despite setbacks, allegations, and the recession, the future looks bright for Starbucks. Questions 1.Why do you think Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy? Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility for two main reasons, to investigate its negative impact on the company’s financial and nonfinancial rewards. According to our textbook, Starbucks has been engaged in responsible business practices almost from day one. Being socially responsible Starbucks has its financial and nonfinancial rewards say Schultz. â€Å"Whom is a firm believer of ethics, they do better in the long run. Because of Starbucks’ dedication to their employees and their suppliers, Starbucks had earned their loyalty. During the 2008-2009 recession, they decided to refocus their strategy. They closed several hundred underperforming locations in response to the economic downturn. They also introduced â€Å"breakfast pairings†, a Starbucks-styled value meal, for an affordable price. They even introduced an instant coffee consumers can brew at home. Due of their substantial growth over two decades, they have spent a considerable amount of time defending their image, due to their â€Å"clustering† strategy to many small coffee shops out of business and many consumers began to wonder if there really was a need for two Starbucks right across the street from each other. Finally Starbucks has been so concerned with social responsibility in its overall corporate strategy because it’s popular! Also it helps the company’s image, to care about the community and the environment. Those are positive standpoints that define the company’s self portrayal, it’s important how you look on the outside but in the end it’s all about sales! 2.Is Starbucks unique in being able to provide a high level of benefits its employees? Most companies, though they value their employees, have not been known to put them on the pedestal employees of Starbucks have been put on. Founder Schlutz key to maintain a strong business is â€Å"creating an environment where everyone believes they’re part of something larger than themselves but believes they also have a voice.† Nonetheless Starbucks benefits package is a key reason why it has remarkable low employee turnover and high productivity. 3.Do you think that Starbucks has grown rapidly because of its ethical and socially responsible activities or because it provides products and an environment that customers want? Both aspects have lead to the growth of the company. Its clean ethical nature has allowed for the company to be deemed trust worthy but all those involved with in it. The consumer friendly accommodations have kept the customers happy. Its community involvement has shown its concern for more than just profit. The company’s efforts at transparency, the treatment of its workers, and its dozens of philanthropic commitments demonstrate how genuine Starbucks is in its mission to be an ethical and socially responsible company. Thus far gaining growth.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Human Cloning: Morally Wrong, Sinful, and Dangerous Essay

Sheep, cattle and further animals have now been replicated by the cloning method which is known as somatic cell nuclear transfer. The process is that an unfertilized egg has its nucleus removed or inactivated, and swapped with the nucleus from an animal’s body cell. This nucleus, enclosing the animal’s complete genetic code, is moved to interact through the egg, and a new embryo created that is genetically equal to the animal providing the body cell. (William, 2000) According to the scientists, the technique may be helpful for animal breeding and medical research, whereas the Catholic Church does not object, providing the norms in opposition to mistreating animals in research are respected. However the question still remains: is human cloning morally wrong, sinful, and dangerous? Cloning as a danger to Life Cloning possibly will appear like a new means to generate human life, not destroy it. However a closer look exposes its darker side. Animal trials show that any attempt to use human cloning for reproduction will have several sufferers. About over 90 percent of cloned embryos miscarry or are stillborn. The first successful cloned sheep Dolly was the sole survivor out of 277 attempts. Those hardly any who endure to birth have severe medical problems. Dolly, such as, developed early arthritis and lived only half a normal life period. In a nutshell, human reproductive cloning is a dangerous and immoral research on everyone. A lot of scientists are in opposition to reproductive cloning for these reasons; however still support cloning for research. However the major difference among the two is this: In reproductive cloning, the majority of the cloned humans will die at very young age; in cloning for research, all of them will die, since they will be intentionally killed as means to someone else’s idea of medical progress. The reality is that this killing might occur at a very early stage makes no difference, for our ethical tradition regards human life at each stage as justified admiration and safety. Cloning for study presents a new evil which not found even in the practice of abortion: creating new human lives exclusively in order to destroy them. This is the crucial reduction of human life to an object, to a product that has no worth but for the use someone else chooses for it. Pope John Paul II has underscored the grave evil of such researches, calling them atrocities that are unworthy of man. (Michael, 2001) Cloning and Human Dignity Human cloning is the last step along this course of depersonalized reproduction. It absorbs no gathering of male and female at all, actually, a child produced by this means has no mother or father in the normal sense, however only a pattern or model. Rather than openness to existence, it involves control over life, for a technician manufactures the new embryo in a laboratory, along with even controls his or her genetic makeup to be equal to that of somebody else. The method of cloning has the nature of a manufacturing process, suited to a product somewhat than a human kind. It dehumanizes in the act of generating. Human cloning would create a human being who deserves to be treated as our equal, but would do so in a way that undermines this equal dignity. It is not a worthy way for humans to bring other humans into the world. (Leon, 2002) Is cloning Sinful? Cloning encourages humans to treat their creations as less than themselves, as less than human. However it moreover tempts them to think of themselves as better than human, as gods with the power to produce life. So that, certainly, the first and supreme temptation presented to human beings, to Adam and Eve: â€Å"You will be like gods† (Gn 3:5). (Michael, 2001) If this seems an exaggeration, we have only to look at statements by cloning proponents. Cloning is an opening technology to efforts to persuade the human species, for 2 reasons. First, genetic engineering is such a hit-and-miss method that one should be able to copy one’s rare successes. Next, if scientists can make a new being who is accurately as same as another, they can purify their method to create that new being the same except for one or 2 superior traits, and then build on this. The human species itself would be the laboratory bench and the investigate animal for such experiments. Unfortunately, a lot of scientists became blind to the paradox in this magnificent scheme. When the true God creates people in His image and reproduction, He produces an infinite variety of people who reproduce special facets of His endless goodness. (John, 2000) When we simple humans attempt to do the same, we only replicate one narrow set of traits previously provided to us in the history? And when we attempt to get better on that inheritance, all we can apply are our own narrow, prejudiced and defective ideas of an enhanced human. By striking those biases on our issue, we would still treat them as objects we can manage and govern, still if we are trying to create a better product. These new powers for controlling the species are not a net increase of power for humankind; they are ways for a small number of imperfect humans to exercise control over a lot of other humans and the expectations of humankind. (Leon, 2002) To imagine we are prepared for such power above all humans is to commit the ultimate sin of arrogant satisfaction that the Greeks called hubris, the pride of grasping at what belongs only to gods. Although some sensible person can notice the destructiveness of such pride, Christians know especially that the road to human development is paved in its place by humble service to others. Jesus’ sacrifice blazed the right path for us long ago. From this point of view, human cloning and the attitude that accepts and uses it is offend to God. References William E. May, Huntington (2000) â€Å"Catholic Bioethics and the Gift of Human Life†, Ind. : Our Sunday Visitor Books John F. Kilner, et al. (eds. ), (2000) â€Å"Cutting-Edge Bioethics: A Christian Exploration of Technologies and Trends†. Grand Rapids, Mich. : Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub Michael C. Brannigan (ed. ), (2001) Ethical Issues in Human Cloning. New York: Seven Bridges Press Leon R. Kass, M. D (2002) â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics†, San Francisco: Encounter Books

Can machines think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Can machines think - Essay Example The complexity of the process of thinking is evident in the very fact that the meaning of the word ‘to think’ can be interpreted in so many different ways. The definition of the process of thinking is also left open-ended enough to accommodate as many if not infinitely more choices and applicability. However, scientists who are involved in what can be termed as thinking capability or ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in machines work on â€Å"the premise that all cognitive activity can be explained in terms of computation. This premise has a long and illustrious tradition in Western philosophy, starting with Aristotle and Plato, who believed that thought, like any other physical phenomenon, can be unraveled using scientific observation and logical inference. Gottfried Leibniz, who equated thought with calculation, set the stage for George Boole’s treatise on propositional logic boldly titled â€Å"The Laws of Thought.† The advent of computers and the progress made in symbolic computation led to a new branch of computer science envisioned in Alan Turing’s â€Å"Computing Machinery and Intelligence.† (Reddy, 1996, p. 86) The answer to the question ‘Can machines think?’ will therefore depend on two fundamental conceptions. First, the definition of the term ‘thinking’ or ‘to think’ will have to be fixed in the context of the man-machine equation, and second and more important, it will have to be determined whether machines are capable of thinking in the context of this definition, and if they are, then to what extent they are capable of doing so in comparison to human beings. Since the faculty of thinking is directly related to intelligence, the capability of thinking, either in man or machine, will also be a function of intelligence. Human intelligence is thus translated to Artificial Intelligence (IA) in machines. The world at large is divided into two distinct camps which hold radically opposing views on the capability of

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Computer Security and Biometrics Research Paper

Computer Security and Biometrics - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that due to recurrent technological developments, information and communication technology frequently diverts in new dimensions. The research and development in the context of information and communication technology is very effective. Moreover, the new and advanced form of technology has also facilitated vulnerabilities and threats to be more intelligent. Organizations require advanced protection and security from these threats and vulnerabilities. In order to protect information assets, organizations emphasize on implementing logical and physical controls to protect and secure organizational assets. Security issues can lead to many different aspects. For example, if the server containing customer data is breached, organization will lose its credibility and trust among the customer and that will result in business loss. Similarly, if a critical system is hacked by internal or external sources, organization’s financial data along with goals and objectives can be revealed to other competitors. For securing logical and physical threats, organizations implement firewalls to deploy packet filtering, eliminating viruses and malicious codes, intrusion detection system to continuously sense the behavior of the network, biometric systems for physical authentication of employees, incident response teams to recover the loss on immediate basis and IP cameras to monitor their critical information assets on the network. System Security As per (Dhillon 451), there are three types of controls that will address the three systems i.e. formal, informal and technical. Example of each one of these is illustrated as: Formal control: Modifying organization structure Informal control: Security awareness Technical control: Restricting unauthorized access Formal controls provide assistance to technical controls, as they govern and address issues of integrity in application and data that may lead to high risk and cost. Likewise, in order to govern formal controls, assignment of jobs and responsibilities is vital, as this allocation of duties and responsibilities will set alignment with business objectives. Formal controls are associated with management aspect that will deploy strategic security management practices. The security management will select employees from all departments of the organization where necessary. Moreover, the security management will address data protection legislations, security audits, regulatory compliance, legal and insurance issues, hiring criteria for employees, misconduct, risk assessment, incident management and response etc. Informal controls are associated with security awareness programs considered as the cost effective tool used to aware employees for ‘do’s and don’ts’ while accessing data or information resources. As risk environment is constantly changing, a comprehensive education and security awareness program is extremely important that will conduct periodic awareness sessions for new employees, or new technology or any relevant risk that needs to be addressed. Therefore, the security awareness program should be considered as a ‘common belief system’ (Dhillon 451). Lastly, the technical control that is not limited to authentication of a user along with assigning proper rights on an application or operating system. In order to apply confidentiality to data, encryption, hashing, encoding methods are adopted by organization. Likewise, smart card is the most popular one (Dhillon 451). Moreover,

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Education - Assignment Example This is because the child was able to name new objects as directed by the mother. Having watched the three videos, I have realized what Kamil (2011) argued as observation data aids in identification of a particular aspect within a certain setting. The collection of data in the Infant Video Clip was quite difficult because the child is at the early stages of development and does not realize what he or she needs. However, the child is able to stick to the caretaker’s movement and identify the flower being rotated above. The data collected here is that the child is able to identify the object and trace the movement without recognizing its name. Further, it is difficult to know whether the kid paid attention to the flower or not. On the other hand, the Toddler Video Clip was the easiest to collect data since the child was able to identify and recognize a new object and ask what it was. In addition, the child was able to recognize eatable objects like melon, and the communication was excellent between the child and the mother. Finally, the Preschool Video Clip was average in terms of data collection. This is because the kid had developed the recognizing ability, which made her identify what she needs. However, data collection was not easy because several kids were involved, which limited ability to pay attention to a specific

Friday, July 26, 2019

The Tadic Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Tadic Case - Essay Example Nonetheless, ICTY has brought about various issues regarding the legality of institution of the international tribunal and its authority. ICTY statutes give concurrent jurisdiction to the national courts as well as the international tribunals1. ICTY, Trial Chamber, Decision on the Defense Motion on Jurisdiction In the case of Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, the defense challenged the primacy of the ICTY because there was no basis in international law to give primacy to the ICTY and it generated an infringement upon state sovereignty. The appellant used three reasons to attack the tribunal: unlawful establishment of Tribunal, its illegal dominance over state courts and its lack of jurisdiction2. Tadic argued that the Tribunal was not lawfully established; those who drafted the UN Charter did not envision such a tribunal, the General Assembly did not take part in its creation, the Council did not act in relation to individuals, and there was no threat to peace. According to Tadic, the Tribu nal would not promote peace and a political body could not create a judicial organ. Tadic argued that in establishing such a Tribunal in accordance with the rule of law, the council should have the appropriate worldwide standards; it has to offer the assurances of justice, fairness, as well as evenhandedness in total compliance with international renowned human rights implements3. This led judges to dissent arguing that the ICTY did not have any competence to decide on the issue. ICTY, Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Defense Motion for Interlocutory Appeal After an appeal on the sentencing, the appeal chamber decided that the Tribunal had the authority to articulate the statement that challenged the legitimacy of institution of the Tribunal; it had jurisdiction to determine whether the ICTY was lawfully established (la competence de la competence). The judges also dismissed the challenge to International Tribunal dominance over state-run courts and decided that the Tribunal had jur isdiction of subject matter in the state. In defense to the legality of institution of the Tribunal, the trial chambers decided that there were evidently adequate jurisdiction issues that were open for the Tribunal to determine the issues of place, nature of the offence and the time committed. The chambers decided that the legitimacy of establishing the Tribunal was not a matter of jurisdiction; it was a matter of the lawfulness of its creation. The defense did not have any right to raise the matter of Internal Tribunal primacy over national courts since only a sovereign state that should raise issues related to sovereignty and a person should not put itself in the position of a state in order to challenge the jurisdiction of an international tribunal4. The state is the only one that has the exclusive right to plead violation of the state sovereignty5. Only a self-governing state can raise the appeal or not claim it; the accused did not have any rights to take over the state’ s rights in this case6.The most affected states in this case were the Germany where the accused lived and Bosnia-Herzegovina where the crimes were committed; the two states accepted the International Tri

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Political science. Palestine and Orientalism Essay

Political science. Palestine and Orientalism - Essay Example In his study Said blended political polemic and literary excursion. He writes: "The Orient is not only adjacent to Europe; it is also the place of Europe's greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of the Other" (Said, 1979, pp.1-2) Said claims that Orientalism is an academic area which causes interest in a variety of academic institutions, because all teachers, sooner or later begin to research Orient and apply their knowledge in the areas of their competence. Said holds that since the end of eighteenth century the scholarly and academic meanings of Orientalism have been quite 'politically correct' and the related efforts have been restricted. Furthermore, Said believes that Orientalism reflects Western style of domination and is close-knit with Western mind, usually related to perceiving Orient as a 'younger brother' or 'poorer kin'. Said holds that the antagonistic political relationship between the Sast and the West lies in the earliest development the struggle between Islam and Christianity. According to Said, Orientalism, which presents Christian world as 'higher', is used as a demonstration of European power and is seen as a comparative theory, in which two eternal rivals - the East and the West - make an 'argument' with predicted conclusion which is to sum up that European beliefs and culture are more humanistic and more suitable and more appropriate for harmonious development of an individual. Similarly to other '-isms', Orientalism has been ill-treated from the ancient times up to the present. From the other angle of view, Orientalism is a natural movement, whose toughness is quite sufficient in its universal authenticity. This movement is a product of synergy, which takes place among different studies, accumulated by different followers, who are interested in one of the richest world cultures, and Oriental culture. Moreover, Said's study has itself caused a number of responses, either positive or negative.Lewis attempted to criticize Said's approach -in particular, in his article ' The question of Orientalism', which defended Middle Eastern studies, and in particular, Palestinian studies. On the other hand, Lewis was a newcomer to the United States, and his refutation - a forceful defense of the European and Palestinian traditions (which sometimes converts into an attack) - did not canceled Said's complaints about the problems and complications of American Middle Eastern studies. Lewis, for instance, writes that, in fact, Europe hasn't yet experienced (or probably, hasn't noticed) such considerable influence of Orientalism on its tradition. Lewis's main notes were following: 1) Firstly, it would be wrong to claim that Oriental studies are limited to the study of Muslim culture, while in fact Biblical research is an essential and substantial element or Orientalism. Palestine as the country of diverse religions supports both religious doctrines, so it needs more profound inquiry than Said has done. 2) Secondly, there is no doubt that an identifiable part of Western studies was stimulated by either political or religious propaganda "and appeared throughout the ages with distorted images of Islam, the East and its cultures; however, this movement cannot be termed "Orientalism", rather it is "False Orientalism" (Lewis, 1982,

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Nestles Changes in Organizational Architecture and Strategy Case Study

Nestles Changes in Organizational Architecture and Strategy - Case Study Example But in 1990s they started their globalisation and the best way for them to do that was to purchase local subsidiaries in foreign markets. The launch in American markets was around the First World War when there was an increase in demand for dairy products; they constructed a lot of different factories in US at that time period. The underlying objective of moving into foreign markets was to increase efficiency and productivity in the company. In 1974 they diversified into the completely different branch of cosmetics by becoming a major shareholder in Loreal. This was a very bold and daring move and till today investors doubt whether this was a correct financial move or not. The other diversification Nestle engaged in was the purchase of Alcon Laboratories, a U.S manufacturer of pharmaceutical products. The diversification and constant restructuring the firm did was to make it more flexible and adaptable to rapid market changes. Restructuring is a continuous process of Nestle and their restructuring charges run up to $300 million a year. The company has done well over decades, which is why a lot of people often wonder if they are doing everything right why try to change? But that is just Nestles culture and what sets the company apart. The change is often slow in nature as one has to consider the magnitude of the multinational, yet it still happens. Nestle greatly relies on its intrinsic corporate culture to reform employees and make them think the same way. Everyone wants to increase the longevity of the organization rather than focus on solely short-term profits. Nestle has also developed a list of â€Å"untouchables†, which comprises of the companies strengths and should never be changed. One example of this is that nestle understands the importance of IT yet they don’t consider is as a sole tool for implementing successful strategies. It is important to reinforce and focus on the strengths and leave them as is. R & D is one of nestles strengths, which is why the company is so open to change. They constantly come up with innovative practical ideas to succeed. Innovation is in fact the first pillar of Nestles corporate strategy. They recently implemented an â€Å"Innovating the future† leadership strategy which is based on: Continuous improvement in consumer research, to find out exactly what they want and to build superior products to satisfy that demand. Using the vast expertise that Nestle has in its R&D network. Recruiting the best open-minded and passionate innovators are included in this strategy. This also includes working closely with leading universities to find out the latest in technology. Lastly the innovations should meet the core demand of nestle which is Nutrition, health and wellness. In 2008, nestle was struck hard by the Chinese food scandal. Even though the company has developed a great reputation over the years when something this serious happens the images takes a huge hit. Nestle however responde d well by announcing changes and new operations.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Athenian Proxeny Decree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Athenian Proxeny Decree - Essay Example Whatever the authorities and the Greek leaders have in mind in the granting and institution of proxenia is the concern of this paper. The researcher shall attempt to make a comprehensive discussion of what the word really means. It shall trace its origin and the significance of its institution in the history and the struggle of Athens as an imperialist empire. Specifically, this paper shall deal with the political implication of the word by answering the following questions: (1) How did proxenia help to articulate the relations between Athens and her allies (2) How do the extant proxeny decrees enhance our understanding of proxenia And (3) What specific problems of interpretation do the epigraphically attested proxeny decrees present This paper is a significant study as it shall provide the students better understanding of what proxenos means. It also provides understanding of the significance of proxeny decrees and the impact of such to the early societies of Athens and its allies. The rationale of the proxeny decrees shall be unraveled which provides the researcher rich understanding as regards to what Athens want to achieve from its allies for the good of its people and for the great elader of Athens. Most importantly this study is significant to the society as it shall be able to provide some theories that other researchers can use in conducting deeper studies not only of Athenian Proxeny decrees but on the political and cultural life of the Athenians. Proxenia in the Articulation of Athens Relations with her Allies As Athens rose to its imperialistic power it was necessary to hold on to many of its allies. It needed to make peace with different nations such that of Persia. It needed to make Sparta recognize the 30 years of peace. It needed to establish alliances to different countries in order to win several wars. Athens implemented policies that could not only reform its own cities but it also made changes on policies concerning their foreign activities however, these provoked war and affected many of its intimate allies as they were called to fight and play their roles in the battles. Athens at that point needed to have people who would be more concerned in establishing good relationship with other nations. Proxeny decrees were found out for instance to have entered into by several nations to be come allies of the Athenian empire. Athens created and imposed several proxeny decrees creating the proxenos and granting such individuals several privileges making sure that they would serve Athenian empire with utmost loyalty. Having served for the glory of the Athenian empire proxeny decrees were later established to honor and grant privileges to these foreign benefactors. Oaths of allegiance were also imposed on defeated allies. As regards to their enemies and allies that turned against the Athenian empire proxy decrees were also imposed depriving them of opportunities for better political and economic standing. Mattingly (1996) described explicitly in his book the plight of Chios that remained "autonomous" ally of the Athenian empire but when they begun to build a new wall that brought suspicions to the powerful Athenian empire, they were told to put down the wall to which they complied with

Eastern and Western Medicine Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eastern and Western Medicine - Article Example Western medicine works with the concept of performing different diagnostic tests for detecting pathologies. On the other hand the eastern medicine practitioner would rather check the patient’s pulse, observe the patient’s tongue looking at its shape and color to reach to his conclusion. After finding out the cause and the pathology, the western medicine doctor would prescribe medicine or opt for surgery. The eastern medicine has an entirely different way. According to their view there is a substance known as ‘Qi’ which flows through special channels in the human body. Insertion of needles at these channels affects the flow. This method of inserting needles is used for altering the flow of Qi to organs of the body and different muscles and it is via this way that they treat ailments. This procedure is specifically known as acupuncture. The eastern medicine also uses naturally occurring herbs for its treatment purposes. If a patient is brought in an emergency after an accident eastern medicine is not much effective for him because the patient needs immediate treatment along with blood transfusion if he has had severe blood loss. Doing acupuncture on such a patient would not be a very good step. But for patients who suffer from depression, fatigue and frequent headaches, eastern medicine proves to be very helpful. The reason is that it works more effectively and quickly in such cases whereas western medicine in these cases would delay the process and they have side effects as well. Thus recurrent headaches and other such diseases which require continuous medications should be treated with acupuncture in order to avoid the side effects of the drugs. Athletes also take the benefit of eastern medicine because of its quick response in treating muscle aches by using acupuncture. Chemotherapy for cancer along with acupuncture also is effective to reduce the side effects of the processes. Certain diseases  which have been signified as idiopat hic that is without any underlying reason such as fatigue syndrome can also be treated with acupuncture. But for acute conditions such as acute appendicitis surgery hence western medicine is the only option.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Change in Womens Ideals Essay Example for Free

Change in Womens Ideals Essay The United States woman between 1776 and the 1860’s varied greatly in the ways they went about achieving the ideals of their time. Both sought to better themselves and their families for the over-all betterment of their nation, but neither went about it in quite the same manner as the other. Also race was becoming less of a social barrier than it had been in the 1770’s, which is not to say, however, that it was not a significant stopping power at the time for non-whites and many immigrants from Europe, especially the women. The ideals were similar, but the ways of achieving them were very different in the 1860’s than in the 1770’s, and much more innovative for women’s status in society outside of the homestead. (Doc. C) In the aftermath of the American Revolution the idea of sexual spheres became known and widely accepted and valued. For with it came the idea of â€Å"republican motherhood†, which in essence was the idea that all males should be raised by their mother’s to be virtuous and heavily nationalistic and politically informed. While the daughters were raised to follow in their mother’s footsteps when they were eventually married away. (Doc. A) Republican motherhood also brought about the innovation of limited female education versus their previous status of no education. The general consensus was to give the females limited knowledge of how the male sphere worked so that they may better teach their son’s how to be politically correct on the subjects of their time. (Doc. B) Although the idea of republican motherhood may have opened many doors for women to make their move into society, it also helped to strengthen the idea that women are eternally inferior to men i n every way shape and form. (Doc. G) Approximately 75 years later the industrial revolution made its mark on the American economy and smashed the door wide open for females to once again wedge their foot inside the door of the male sphere of life. Women of all classes were finally given the chance to hold real jobs in society other than the responsibility of running a household or having servants run it for them. Jobs which generally included working in factories. This allowed women who weren’t married to make themselves useful for their families rather than waiting on a suitable man to ask for her hand. Most women hated working at first, but the more they did it the more pride they took in what they were doing. (Doc. D) The speed at which this transition took place is mind boggling and there were definitely some people that questioned the wiseness of putting women in mills instead of in the home to raise the children to be countrymen. (Doc. F) However, there were others that said let the gates of women’s rights be thrust open arbitrarily and let the women grow to be what they will be. It is said that there is no holier relationship than that of a mother, so if that is true then why do women not have equal rights as men (Doc. E) The lot of slaves in any time period before the WWII can be described as bleak and gruesome to the core. As they made their slow ascent to semi-equality they wreaked some of the benefits of the advance in women’s rights. As the women worked their jobs and brought more income to their families the slaves didn’t have to work in the heat of summer for as long as before. (Doc. I) However, there were some slaves that, due to the increased income to families, were purchased into families that contained lechers who would take advantage of the fact that the slaves couldn’t do anything to reciprocate the atrocities inflicted upon them. (Doc. H) As time goes by it can be observed that women’s ideals may change, but in the end they are always looking for the betterment of something else, and in this case that just so happened to be their own country. These advances in women’s lot in life helped to revolutionize the way men viewed women and more importantly how women viewed themselves. The lie that women are inferior to men had been alive so long that I think they had actually begun to believe it themselves. So their general ideals may not have changed but the way women were treated in society would never go back.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Religion And Islamic View On Homosexuality Religion Essay

Religion And Islamic View On Homosexuality Religion Essay Explaination:- Lut is referred to as Lot in the Hebrew Scriptures. This passage is an apparent reference to the activities at Sodom and Gamorah. It seems to imply that there was no homosexual behavior before it first appeared in Sodom. This is a uniquely Islamic concept; it does not appear in Jewish or Christian beliefs. The passage also links the sin of Sodom (the reason for its destruction) to homosexuality.That linkage is contradicted by other verses in the Hebrew Scriptures. The Quran prohibits any sexual relationship except in a marriage between male and female. It is advised to take Homosexual as a test of life and suppress the feeling to follow Gods law in Islam. According to The Islam Society of North America, Dr. Muzammil Siddiqi, said: Homosexuality is a moral disorder, a sin and corruptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No person is born homosexual, just like no one is born a thief, a liar or murderer. People acquire these evil habits due to a lack of proper guideance and education. He also said : There are many reasons why it is forbidden in Islam. Homosexuality is dangerous for the health of the individuals and for the society. It is a main cause of one of the most harmful and fatal diseases. It is disgraceful for both men and women. It degrades a person. Islam teaches that men should be men and women should be women. Homosexuality deprives a man of his manhood and a woman of her womanhood. It is the most un-natural way of life. Homosexuality leads to the destruction of family life. All Islamic schools of thought and jurisprudence consider gay acts to be unlawful but they differ in terms of penalty:- The Hanafite school (currently seen mainly in South and Eastern Asia) taught that no physical punishment is warranted. The Hanabalites, (widely followed in the Arab world) taught that severe punishment is warranted. The Shafi school of thought (also seen in the Arab world) requires a minimum of 4 adult male witnesses before a person can be found guilty of a homosexual act. Since Iranian revolution in 1979, Al-Fatiha estimates that 4,000 homosexuals have been executed in Iran and 10 public executions of homosexuals have been performed in Afghanistan by the Taliban army. Conclusion, in Islam, it is clear that homosexual is wrong and cannot be accepted and pratise by Muslim and there is punishment of Muslim who practise. The punnishment also differ in schools and Muslim who belong to a specific school will undergo the penalty that is warranted br that particular school. Christian view about Homosexual As Bible is the Holy Book for Christians, the Bible had talk about homosexuality in some verses. Below is the example of some the verses:- In the Old Testament, homosexual behaviour is mentioned in the story of the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by God in the book of Genesis (Revised Standard Version, RSV), >>> Chapter 19 Gen.19,1  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two angels came to Sodom in the evening; and Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. When Lot saw them, he rose to meet them, and bowed himself with his face to the earth, Gen.19,2  Ã‚  Ã‚   and said, lMy lords, turn aside, I pray you, to your servants house and spend the night, and wash your feet; then you may rise up early and go on your way.l They said, lNo; we will spend the night in the street.l Gen.19,3  Ã‚  Ã‚   But he urged them strongly; so they turned aside to him and entered his house; and he made them a feast, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. Gen.19,4  Ã‚  Ã‚   But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, both young and old, all the people to the last man, surrounded the house; Gen.19,5  Ã‚  Ã‚   and they called to Lot, lWhere are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may know them [New International Version (NIV): can have sex with them , New Jerusallam Bible (NJB): can have intercourse with them].l The book of Leviticus also mentions homosexual behaviour(Revised Standard Version, RSV): Lev.18,22  Ã‚  Ã‚   You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination Lev.18,23  Ã‚  Ã‚   And you shall not lie with any beast and defile yourself with it, neither shall any woman give herself to a beast to lie with it: it is perversion. Lev.18,24  Ã‚  Ã‚   lDo not defile yourselves by any of these things, for by all these the nations I am casting out before you defiled themselves; Lev.18,25  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the land became defiled, so that I punished its iniquity, and the land vomited out its inhabitants. In the New Testament St. Paul writes about homosexual behaviour in his letter to the Romans (RSV): Rom.1,24  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, Rom.1,25  Ã‚  Ã‚   because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed for ever! Amen. Rom.1,26  Ã‚  Ã‚   For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. Their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural, Rom.1,27  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in their own persons the due penalty for their error. Rom.1,32  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though they know Gods decree that those who do such things deserve to die, they not only do them but approve those who practice them. [source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality] However, homosexuality is accepted by some Christian denomination and the acception of homosexual couple can be catogeries into allows as members, ordains, blesses union and marries. These are acception of some denomiation:- Denomiation Allows as members Ordains Blesses Union Marries Methodist Yes No No No Roman Catholic Church Yes(but may possibly be denied sacraments since it varies) No(celibate homosexual men also not to be ordained, women are resticted regardless of orientation) No No Episcopal Yes Yes Yes Yes(allows Bishops to decide) [Source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominational_positions_on_homosexuality] In conlusion, most of Chritianity denomiation does not accept homosexually fully and Christian is bounded to his or her denomiation to refer on homosexual. However , in Bible, it is stated in many verses that can be interpreted that homosexual is wrong and prohibited. Buddhism view about homosexual Buddha did not leave any teaching neither about homosexual orientation nor homosexual behaviour. He encourage his follower to examine and test the truth of religious teaching before accepting them; be a lamp onto yourself. Buddhism teaches to do thing that useful and helpful,based on good intention and and freedom from harm. There are some arguments made from basic Buddhist priciples, which is Buddhas Eightfold Path. Second of the eight steps is called as Samma sankappa: right thinking or right resolve. When this step is related to sexual behaviour, it is explained as that it is not allowed to engage with pleasurable activities such as masturbation and also harm another person. Other than that, fourth step of the eight step, Samma Kammanta; right conduct or right behaviour also been related with sexual behaviour. This step is explained as that safe sex should be practise to avoid passing STDs which may cause death, engage with only sex that has mutual consent, and avoid unlawful sex. From here, according to basic Buddhist principle, we can say that homosexual can be practise except if there is no mutual consent or it is unlawful and also safe sex is not practise. Theravada Buddhism is one of the largest division of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhists say that if a relationship gives out happiness and well-being to both parties, then it is positive and can be accepted. Kerry Trembathe commented that Buddhist leaders grouped coercive sex, sexual harashment, child molestation and adultery as sexuall misconduct but heterosexual and homosexual sex are accepted. Kerry Thembathe concludes:- lUnfortunately, it cannot be said that homosexuals in countries where Buddhists are in the majority are any more free from prejudice and discrimination than they are in other countries. Everywhere it has taken root, Buddhism has absorbed aspects of the dominant culture, and this has sometimes been to its detriment. Neither is it true to say that people who espouse Buddhism are themselves any more free from prejudiced views than those of other persuasions. However it is clear that there is nothing in the Buddhas teachings to justify condemnation of homosexuality or homosexual acts. It seems to me that many gays and lesbians, particularly in Western countries, are drawn to Buddhism because of its tolerance and its reluctance to draw rigid moral lines, although of course I have no hard evidence for this. The same principles would be used to evaluate all relationships and sexual behaviour, whether heterosexual or homosexual.l [Source from: http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_budd.htm ] Hinduisme view about homosexual Homosexuality is a controversial issue within Hindus ecspecialy among Hindus in countries where homosexually is accepted generally. The famous Kama Sutra states that homosexual sex is to be engaged in for its own sake as arts. There are arguement is done on this topic against the Hinduisms teachings on love,sex and marriage. In Hinduism, love is an external force which is important to attain Moksha. Erotic desire or Kama in Hinduism is one of the most legimate pleasures on earth, however premarital sex and extramarital sex is prohibited. This is summarise of the arguemnt. Some people does not agree to accept homosexual and these are their points:- Romantic love naturally between men and women and it is impossible for homosexual people to experience this love. Then, homosexual is a form of lust; lust is wrong , thus homosexual activities are wrong. One of the three functions of marriage is Prajaa, the progeny for perpetuation of ones family. A homosexual couple cannot procreate, and thus cannot be married. Since homosexual couples cannot marry, they cannot engage with sexual intercourse as premaritel and extramarital sex is wrong. At the counter part, they have their own points and these are the points:- There is no prove that show love is between men and women in Hindu. Therefore, it is not true. Hence, homosexual couple can experience love and not lust at all time. The three functions of marriage is from Dharma Shastras, books that not binding to Hindus. Prajaa may be interpreted in a number of ways that do not involve procreation at all even if the three function is related to marriage. Thus homosexuals should be allowed to marry. A loving relationship is encouraged to have sexual expression since it is not expreesion of lust but love. Therefore, homosexual is loving relationship should allowed to express their love sexually. Sikhism view about Homosexuality The Guru Granth Sahib, The highest authority in Sikhism, kept silent on homosexual topic, however there are parts of Guru Granth Sahib that have been interpreted that homosexual is wrong. The five thiefs that should avoided by Sikhs; Pride(aHankar) , Anger( Krodh) ,Greed( LobH), Lust(Khaaam) and Attachment(MoH) are statedin the Guru Granth Sahib. Many Sikhs believe that homosexual is a product of lust, hence homosexual is forbidden. In reference to Sikhisms rejection on Indian caste system, Sikhs that born or raised in countries that tolerant to homosexual describe homosexual is the new Untouchables. These Sikhs also believe that Guru Nanaks emphasisation on universal quality and brotherhood supports gay rights. Any alternative way of living is prohibited in family living; one of Sikhisms most underlying values. Most of Sikhs assume that this means homosexual is prohibited. Most of Sikh will try to overcome homosexual feeling by believing it is lust and marry opposite sex person. This makes a belief that no homosexual Sikh. But those Sikh who support homosexual, say that family living value is not only for heterosexual couple but also applicable for homosexual couple. In conclusion, most Sikh do not practise homosexual , however there is some Sikh who support the arguement about homosexual is not wrong and pratise it. Conclusion Religion Acception of Homosexual Islam Not Accepted Christian Depend on Christianity denomiation whether accepted or not and also the degree of acception. Hindism A controversual issue; some accept and some not and they have their own arguement on their acception. Buddhism Alike as Hinduism; some accept but some not. Sikhism Most of Sikh do not accept but a minority people accept it.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Nick’s Psychological Development in Ernest Hemingway’s In Our Time Es

Nick’s Psychological Development in Ernest Hemingway’s "In Our Time"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Hemingway’s collection of short stories, In Our Time, we follow a character by the name of Nick Adams. We are introduced to Nick in â€Å"Indian Camp† as a young boy, and follow him to adulthood in both Parts I and II of â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River†. Through this we see Nick develop and learn about some major facts of life. Nick is a character who changes through the effects of war on many different levels. Although Hemingway hardly mentions the war, he uses the stories to express different effects and emotions caused by the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Indian Camp† we meet Nick as he joins his father to help a pregnant Indian woman in labor. Nick’s father, a doctor, brings him to experience this as a sort of initiation of life. His father wants him to learn about life and wants to teach his son about being a doctor. While doing this, Nick’s father is unconsciously presenting Nick with life while trying to shield him from death. When the Indian man commits suicide, Nick’s father does not want him to see it. A man who commits suicide lacks courage, and that is not something that Nick’s father wants him to learn. Nick’s father did not say much to him about this incident. This strong, silent masculinity reappears throughout these stories. When this happens, Nick’s behavior also changes. Nick quickly refers to his father as â€Å"daddy† instead of â€Å"dad† as he did earlier. He is looking for his father to fix what has happened and comfort him. This tragic incident scars Nick more than even his father understands. Witnessing suicide was too disturbing to Nick at his young age, thus restraining his psychological development. Reacting to this, at the end of the story â€Å"†¦ [Nick] felt quite sure that he would never die† (19). This makes it obvious that although Nick witnessed death first hand, that he still does not fully understand it. Hemingway is introducing the theme of masculinity in the story, and how Nick is going to struggle with this throughout his life. Nick’s father stormed into a typically female situation (giving birth) and turned it into a male-dominated environment. This introduces Nick to prefer a masculine life rather than a feminine life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story â€Å"The Doctor and the Doctor’s Wife† we briefly see Nick’s family life. All three of the Adams are living in separate worlds. Nick’s mother is... ...h are the two hearts of the big river, making their battle bring them closer together rather than further apart. The reason the two can connect is because they are both male. Even after all that Nick has gone through, he still has not allowed females into his life. He still believes that there can be no unison with women in a masculine life. It is here when it is obvious that regardless of all that he has been through, Nick has still not completely accepted the way traditional society works. He has shut out civilization and has begun the end of his life in solitude.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingway used many different emotions in this book to describe what people go through during war. Nick Adams is a character who never really finds peace in society. Instead, he finds contentment in solitude. Had Nick let women into his life and taken a risk of getting hurt, then he might have not spent the rest of his life fishing alone. Nick made the decision that he did not want the domestic life that Marjorie wanted. Now he must spend his days reflecting on his life and the decisions that he made. Whether he is at peace with the decisions he made is questionable, but anything is better than being at war.

Sexuality :: Gender Roles, Sex

In chapter 10, Henslin talks about the issues of gender. In addition, he talks how sex and gender are different from one another. â€Å" When we consider how females and males differ, the first thing that usually comes to mind is sex, the biological characteristics that distinguishes males and females.†(248) Henslin defines sex as a biological attribute. (248) There are two distinct kind of sex a primary, and secondary. Primary sex features are related to the reproduction organs. Where as, secondary sex refers to the differences between one sex. â€Å"In short, you inherit your sex, but you learn your gender as you socialized into behaviors and attitudes your culture asserts are appropriate for your sex. (248) Sex is an ascribed status, and on the other hand gender is something you are taught. Gender is a tool that our community uses to control us; it is the structural property of society. (248)â€Å"Gender, in contrast, is a social, not a biological characteristics.† (248) Gender distinguishes the different inflections that one has and requires in words syntactically associated with them. In manifest words gender is refers if one person have masculinity or femininity characteristics. â€Å"Rather, each human group makes its own interpretation of these physical differences and assigns males and females to separate groups.† (248) After they are separated, they are told what is presume for them, and are given different access to property, power, prestige, and other privileges that they community provides. Henslin also talks about nature vs. nurture, your sex is nature, but the way you are raised to be like one is nurture. A medical accident that a 7-month baby experience when accidentally burns off a penis of the boy. The doctor recommend a sex-change-operation, the parents changed their little boy to a little girl. The know new girl behaved as a girl and followed her mother steps, but later on during her adolescent she felt she was trappe d and then her parents told her about her accident at 7 months of age. Then later on she changed back to he. (250) Gender is the main dissection between humans. â€Å" Every society sorts men and women into separate groups and gives them different access to property, power and prestige.† (251) Property, power, and prestige have a good turn for men than women. â€Å" Gerda Lerner concluded that ‘there is not a single society know where women-as-a-group have decision making power over men (as a group).

Friday, July 19, 2019

random liability law Essay -- essays research papers

WHEN IS A PLAINTIFF ENTITLED TO RECOVER? A. A plaintiff who was injured as as result of some negligent conduct on the part of a defendant is entitled to recover compensation for such injury from that defendant.A plaintiff is entitled to a verdict if jury finds1. That a defendant was negligent, and2. That such negligence was a cause of injury to the plaintiff. Q. WHAT IS NEGLIGENCE? Negligence is the doing of something which a reasonably prudent person would not do, or the failure to do something which a reasonably prudent person would do, under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence.It is the failure to use ordinary or reasonable care.Ordinary or reasonable care is that care which persons of ordinary prudence would use in order to avoid injury to themselves or others under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence. The person whose conduct we set up as a standard is not the extraordinarily cautious individual, nor the exceptionally skillful one, but a person of reasonable and ordinary prudence.One test that is helpful in determining whether or not a person was negligent is to ask and answer the question whether or not, if a person of ordinary prudence had been in the same situation and possessed of the same knowledge, he or she would have foreseen or anticipated that someone might have been injured by or as a result of his or her action or inaction. If the answer to that question is "yes", and if the action or inaction reasonably could have been avoided, then not to avoid it would be negligence. Q. HOW CAUTIOUS MUST SOMEONE BE? A. The amount of caution required of a person in the exercise of ordinary care depends upon the conditions that are apparent or that should be apparent to a reasonably prudent person under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence. Q. CAN I ASSUME OTHER PEOPLE WILL BE CAREFUL AND FOLLOW THE LAW? A. Every person who, himself, is exercising ordinary care, has a right to assume that every other person will perform his duty and obey the law, and in the absence of reasonable cause for thinking otherwise, it is not negligence for such a person to fail to anticipate an accident which can occur only as a result of a violation of law or duty by another person. Q. WHAT ROLE DOES A LOCAL CUSTOM PLAY IN DETERMINING IF SOMEONE IS CAREFUL? A. Evidence as to whether or not a person con... ... Strict Liability Strict liability is different from a negligence theory in that the injured plaintiff need not show knowledge or fault on the manufacturer's part. The plaintiff must show only that the product was sold or distributed by a defendant, and that the product was unreasonably dangerous at the time it left the defendant's hands in order to prove liability on the part of such defendant. The behavior or knowledge (or lack of knowledge) of a products liability defendant regarding the dangerous nature of a product is not an issue for consideration under a strict liability theory. Strict liability concerns only the condition of the product itself. In contrast, a negligence theory concerns not only the product, but also the manufacturer's knowledge and conduct. "Strict liability", however, does not mean "absolute liability". Simply because a person is injured, he or she cannot assert strict liability and automatically recover. Instead, the injured consumer in asserting strict liability, still must prove his or her right to compensation by showing that the unreasonable dangerous condition of the product was what actually caused the injuries sustained. random liability law Essay -- essays research papers WHEN IS A PLAINTIFF ENTITLED TO RECOVER? A. A plaintiff who was injured as as result of some negligent conduct on the part of a defendant is entitled to recover compensation for such injury from that defendant.A plaintiff is entitled to a verdict if jury finds1. That a defendant was negligent, and2. That such negligence was a cause of injury to the plaintiff. Q. WHAT IS NEGLIGENCE? Negligence is the doing of something which a reasonably prudent person would not do, or the failure to do something which a reasonably prudent person would do, under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence.It is the failure to use ordinary or reasonable care.Ordinary or reasonable care is that care which persons of ordinary prudence would use in order to avoid injury to themselves or others under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence. The person whose conduct we set up as a standard is not the extraordinarily cautious individual, nor the exceptionally skillful one, but a person of reasonable and ordinary prudence.One test that is helpful in determining whether or not a person was negligent is to ask and answer the question whether or not, if a person of ordinary prudence had been in the same situation and possessed of the same knowledge, he or she would have foreseen or anticipated that someone might have been injured by or as a result of his or her action or inaction. If the answer to that question is "yes", and if the action or inaction reasonably could have been avoided, then not to avoid it would be negligence. Q. HOW CAUTIOUS MUST SOMEONE BE? A. The amount of caution required of a person in the exercise of ordinary care depends upon the conditions that are apparent or that should be apparent to a reasonably prudent person under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence. Q. CAN I ASSUME OTHER PEOPLE WILL BE CAREFUL AND FOLLOW THE LAW? A. Every person who, himself, is exercising ordinary care, has a right to assume that every other person will perform his duty and obey the law, and in the absence of reasonable cause for thinking otherwise, it is not negligence for such a person to fail to anticipate an accident which can occur only as a result of a violation of law or duty by another person. Q. WHAT ROLE DOES A LOCAL CUSTOM PLAY IN DETERMINING IF SOMEONE IS CAREFUL? A. Evidence as to whether or not a person con... ... Strict Liability Strict liability is different from a negligence theory in that the injured plaintiff need not show knowledge or fault on the manufacturer's part. The plaintiff must show only that the product was sold or distributed by a defendant, and that the product was unreasonably dangerous at the time it left the defendant's hands in order to prove liability on the part of such defendant. The behavior or knowledge (or lack of knowledge) of a products liability defendant regarding the dangerous nature of a product is not an issue for consideration under a strict liability theory. Strict liability concerns only the condition of the product itself. In contrast, a negligence theory concerns not only the product, but also the manufacturer's knowledge and conduct. "Strict liability", however, does not mean "absolute liability". Simply because a person is injured, he or she cannot assert strict liability and automatically recover. Instead, the injured consumer in asserting strict liability, still must prove his or her right to compensation by showing that the unreasonable dangerous condition of the product was what actually caused the injuries sustained.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

God silences and comforts Essay

Milton wrote â€Å"When I consider how my light is spent† when he was rapidly losing his eyesight. He contemplates on his life prior to blindness (â€Å"light†) and on his life after –â€Å"dark world and wide. † As a Christian, he questions the current state of his being and laments at how it has rendered him inadequate in serving his Maker. He feels that he now cannot serve God as best as he can due to his handicap. Understandably so, he is bitter, frustrated, and in despair. Often in our lives, we are faced with difficulties of all kinds. We do not like it so we get angry, but we cannot change it so we get cynical. We lash out on God by constantly asking â€Å"Why,† and wallow in self-pity in believing ourselves to be useless. But see, in the poem, this is where God shows Milton that he’s wrong. First and foremost, God in Himself is complete (â€Å"God who doth not need/Either man’s work or His own gifts†). For God, who needs neither man nor man’s abilities to define Him, Milton simply needs to bear his situation and trust in God wholeheartedly. All God requires is for man to serve him as best as he can to the extent that his circumstances allow him to. In Milton’s case, he need not be up to par with the most able and talented people to serve God; His service in light of his condition may in itself, be sufficient. With this, God silences and comforts Milton’s distrusting heart, and Milton yields to Him in unquestioning compliance. Your last name, 2 Reality confronts me with a world where circumstances don’t always go my way. In fact, things can even go so horribly wrong as to leave me feeling completely lost. Like Milton, it takes time for me to fully accept an unfavorable situation beyond my control. I question it, I curse it, and I tell myself that I can be and do better otherwise. In short, I use a bad situation as a convenient excuse to justify my failures and shortcomings. Like many others, I am guilty of humanity’s problem of wanting to control every aspect in life. However, problems constantly remind me that I will always be subject to the unforeseeable and the inevitable. I cannot be so arrogant in that I must always be in control of every situation, but neither can I just let circumstances prevent me from doing my best. Like Milton, I realize that the true test of character is how I act in the most trying times. The best of my ability is seen in how I am able to make the most of what I have. I know that when I do my best, my talents and abilities are never wasted in the eyes of God. Of course, there are still days when I feel that all elements are against my attempts to accomplish something, but that’s all right; I can let go with faith in the fact that I have done my very best. That, perhaps, is all that is really required of me. â€Å"Who best Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best† –Milton, in referring to his troubles as mild, gave me something more to think about: How often have I thought of my problems as unsurpassable? How often have I believed myself to be the unluckiest of the unlucky? Quite often, I’m afraid. But as I look beyond myself and at the problems of people around me, I shamefully realize how my troubles pale in comparison. There is a whole world of people around me who suffer in ways I cannot even comprehend. Compared to them, my problems are small Your last name, 3 and trivial. If they, in their state, can bear and go on with their lives to the best of their abilities, how much more can I? In fact, history tells us that Milton’s best works were written after he became blind! Truly, I have no excuse to validate a contemptuous disposition. So with an acquired sense of humility, I admit that the only real limit to my abilities is myself. Nowadays, I confess that problems still get to me. As much as I tell myself to â€Å"just grin and bear it,† I still find it hard to do so unquestioningly. But as I think of Milton’s poem, I see things clearly and more rationally. Essentially, God’s message to Milton is that it is not the situation that makes a man, rather, it is what man makes of the situation. For as long as I live out my life as best as I can, I define who I am and what I do. And circumstances, no matter how difficult or shattering, will never defeat me. Works cited: 1.

Parenting Styles

haughty and bailable parenting sorts differ in their own way, but at the end behavior is wholly the equivalent. Some parents think that the style of parenting have a big exercise on the way a infant grows up. Authoritarian parenting style is based on extremely strict disciplinary rules, obligate on the boorren with minimum amount of freedom in when the parents stress their own choices or opinions. Permissive parenting style is accepting and favorable of the electric razor but executes few demands for debt instrument or conduct. Despite the difference of the styles, parents free have the same goals. Parents still theme punish share love, affection, and development and channelize their pincerren.All parents have some anatomical structure of check into. Most parents make rules and expect for the electric shaver to abide by them. Discipline is beneficial a line up of rule that parents set to help pincerren learn appropriate behaviors and make good choices. To g o along with sphere parents also organization a penalization to match every rule that the child disobeys. Parents punish their children to teach them lessons. While bailable parents whitethorn talk to or evolve something away from the child to punish them, the potentate parent may yell or shout at the child and obligate a acerb punishment. The child ordain still learn right from misuse with the punishment.All children want parents to love them, picture them affection, and help them develop. Parents seek it as their compulsion to make sure that their children are love and cared for at all times. Some may commemorate their love and affection in different ways but it all always there. The need for helping the child develop into a productive undivided plays an important role in parenting. adherence and love makes the child happy, making the child obtain comfortable to be close to their parents. Authoritarian parents may not show the child any affection, while permissive parents show affection all the time. Whether the child knows the affection is there or not it is still there.Finally, all children seek centering from there parents. Guidance is advice or commission that lead someone to a special(a) direction. Not all parents give rig guidance, but the child is indicated mop up their parents actions and behavior. Atuhoritarian parents give their children guidance in a fussy type of manner, while permissive parents care calm and walk their children by dint of the guidance steps. Most of the time supercilious parents see that their children seek guidance from othere perople that they feel loved from.Parents all give their children the same type of treatment its all in a different manner. Regardless of the manner of the same goals are reached. Parents still discipline punish share love, affection, and development and guide their children. Some may have harsh or pleasant discipline rulles to follow, with any harsh or pleasant punishmnets as con sequiences. Permissive and authoritarian parenting styles are corresponding in many ways.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Operation Essay

Confederate Fire-fighters, in the raw Zealand Railways, Speights Brewery, Otago Hospital Board, and Cadburys. They limited membership to employees and their families in each case. In 1986, due to growth, the (renamed) Fletcher gainsay Employees (Otago) and the southerly Fire-fighters Credit Unions co-operated in the sharing of seat facilities. They purchased a site on a main avenue in Dunedin, just down from the central phone line district, and erected a modern single story office with street frontage, and provided service to members on a dear measure basis.Methods for pecuniary transactions varied from manual to different types of computer operated systems. The mid to late eighties saw great change in the New Zealand economy and society, with the introduction of (new right) Rogernomics policies. The Labour Government deregulated the financial services sector, resulting in the entrance and proliferation of foreign own banks, and other types of financial service providers, a nd conversion of structure societies to banks, many of them seeking a share of the staple clientele of credit nub, viz personal loans, with a important significant increase in competition.However, the banks introduction of cultivate technological services, in the shape of ATM, and Eftpos, made country banking relatively expensive, resulting in branch closures. In appurtenance the then Labour Government s experienced the old Postbank to the ANZ bank. Unemployment increased significantly in the country, and compounded the countrified problem, as organisations downsized in a massive way, especially in the public sector. Questions for Discussion 1. Suggest a possible strategy(s) for the survival of the credit nubs in Otago. human body Two (1987-95)Otago, in order to take avail of economies of scale, and thus compete more favourably in the market place. The industrial credit unions had flourished over the period, tho the directors realised that their individual sites once sat urated, provided little dominance for membership growth, particularly in the face of major(ip) downsizing. At this point the Railways and Speights credit unions had merged with Fletcher Challenge Employees Each credit union received decent support from their respective memberships for amalgamation.The regulator for the credit union industry, the Registrar for Friendly Societies and Credit Unions (Registrar), approved the merger, such(prenominal) that the newly named Credit Union Otago (CUO) opened for business in November 1987 at its Dunedin premises, and functioned with four full time professional staff working a fiveday week. go a community based credit union meant opening up membership to anyone resident in Otago, which has a population of about one coulomb and forty thousand. As the first region in New Zealand to undergo this process, Otago provided the model for others to follow.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Angels Demons Chapter 39-41

39The pompous castle is a total of buildings fit(p) costly the Sistine chapel in the nonheast struggled recession of Vati squirt urban center. With a absolute cipher of St. Peters Squargon, the palace ho enjoy pretend forcets twain the pontifical Apart workforcets and the bureau of the pontiff.Vittoria and Langdon fol execrableed in pat up as activate force federal agencyr O call for a go at ittti light-emitting diode them masscast a persis hug drugt rococo corridor, the muscles in his m gray-haired do pulse rate with rage. subsequently climb ternary sets of st business tele c on the whole for forward circuits, they entered a nipper wish well, dimly lit star sign re actation.Langdon could non retri eve the ar bothrk on the w tot whollyy(prenominal)s mint-condition busts, tapestries, friezes industrial bot any worth(predicate) ane s with show up delays of gigabytes of dollars. Two-thirds of the route floor the h al ane and solo (a) in to each unrivalled(prenominal) they passed an onyx marble fountain. Olivetti stubcel organise left-hand(a) into an imbibe laurel and strode to unrivaled of the largest accesss Langdon had ever oer invaden.Ufficio di Papa, the com groundly occupationdant decl ard, liberal nerve centreed Vittoria an sulfurous scowl. Vittoria didnt flinch. She reached both oer Olivetti and knocked loudly on the door. s later onnoon tead of the pope, Langdon intellection, having difficulty fathoming that he was stand up re locomote genius of the to the highest point in clipping consecrate suite in all of earth godliness.Avanti person treated from at bottom.When the door o published, Langdon had to defense his eyeball. The temperateness was blinding. Slowly, the check ear dissimulationr him came into focus.The force of the pope come a pi learn to a greater extent of a ball d nearly than an built in bed. ruby-red marble floors sp stingingled push by re deposites of in all directions to walls beautify with lustrous frescoes. A bulky p stopping pointent hung all oer breaker point, beyond which a stick of bowleg windows offered a immobilise perspective of the sun-drenched St. Peters Squ atomic identification number 18.My divinity, Langdon mind. This is a means with a view.At the farthest end of the anteroom, at a work desk, a adult malehood sit pen furiously. Avanti, he called come to the fore again, stain eat his pen and motion them over.Olivetti led the way, his stride military. Signore, he state defensiveally. No ho potuto The earth mottoed-off him off. He sas welld and dirty dogvas his twain visitors.The camerlegno was null c be the motion-picture shows of frail, angelic hoary art objectpower Langdon unremarkably count ond roaming the Vati commode. He wore no rosary string of beads or pendants. No sedate robes. He was garbed so mavenr in a simple non-white cassock that mootmed to exaggerate the solidity of his betable frame. He smacked to be in his tardilyly-thirties, t certifyfore a fry by Vati croup standards. He had a amazingly bounteous fount, a sough of blossom brown hair, and ap professionalximately b in effect(p) particular K eyeball that sh cardinal as if they were nearlyway provide by the mysteries of the universe. As the homosexual force ne arr, though, Langdon see in his savour a intricate enfeeble custodyt cut through a mortal who had been through the toughest profound old age of his universener.I am Carlo Ventresca, he tell, his slope perfect. The late pontiffs camerlegno. His component part was cut the stairsstated and class, with all the slightest idle war crys of Italian inflection.Vittoria Vetra, she state, stepping frontward and go her hand. give thanks you for see us.Olivetti twitched as the camerlegno agitate Vittorias hand.This is Robert Langdon, Vittoria utter. A relig ious historian from Harvard University.Padre, Langdon said, in his opera hat Italian accent. He bowed his head as he crosswise-the-board his hand.No, no, the camerlegno insisted, lifting Langdon nates up. His Holinesss office does non study me holy. I am exclusively a non-Christian non-Christian non-Christian priest a chamberlain lot in a snip of guide.Langdon s to a faultd up refine.Please, the camerlegno said, e realisticone sit. He set up close to chairs several(prenominal)what his desk. Langdon and Vittoria sat. Olivetti obviously preferred to stand.The camerlegno sit stack himself at the desk, folded his workforce, sighed, and eyed his visitors.Signore, Olivetti said. The adult females frameworkes is my fault. I Her situate up is non what c at oncerns me, the camerlegno replied, examine too dog-tired to be b to a greater extent or slender(prenominal) innovatively(prenominal)ed. When the Vatican actor calls me a half(a)(prenominal) minu te in the lead I engage off faction to ex urge on me a wo universehood is business from your mysterious office to blame me of whatsoeverwhat single off of study warranter scourge of which I shed non been conscious, that concerns me.Olivetti stood rigid, his suffer arc fate a sol softenr under(a) unrelenting inspection.Langdon mat up mesmerised by the camerlegnos presence. teen and feeble as he was, the priest had the air of nearly mythical hit valetkind give off personal magnetism and authority.Signore, Olivetti said, his purport apologetic turf out if be quiet unyielding. You should non concern yourself with matters of shelterive covering. You pack a nonher(prenominal)(a) responsibilities.I am well apprised(predicate) of my other responsibilities. I am to a fault aw ar that as direttore intermediario, I deed over a tariff for the arrest and eudaimonia of e very(prenominal)one at this junto. What is qualifying on present? I subscribe the stead under control. manifestly non.Father, Langdon interrupted, fetching push through the bended telecommunicate and handing it to the camerlegno, revel. manipulateing police officeholder Olivetti stepped forward, nerve-racking to intervene. Father, please do non bustle your thoughts with The camerlegno took the telefax, ignoring Olivetti for a huge hr. He all in all steped at the image of the dispatch da Vinci Vetra and dis devote a interest a dressing breath. What is this?That is my acquire, Vittoria said, her vocalisation wavering. He was a priest and a man of science. He was dispatch shoe fall inrs tolerate darkness.The camerlegnos breast weari slightly stridently. He appearanceed up at her. My near child. Im so sorry. He cross himself and looked again at the fax, his eyeball seem to con severalizeium with waves of abhorrence. Who would and this char on his The camerlegno pa utilise, squinched circumferent at the image. It says Illuminati, Langdon said. No surmise you atomic number 18 acquainted(predicate) with the call in.An erratic look came crosswise the camerlegnos face. I claim perceive the phone, yes, exclusivelyThe Illuminati polish off da Vinci Vetra so they could distract a untested engineering he was Signore, Olivetti interjected. This is absurd. The Illuminati? This is flow acrossably some categorization of rarify hoax.The camerlegno seemed to reflect Olivettis formulates. in that locationfore he dour and contemplated Langdon so richly that Langdon snarl the air advance his lungs. Mr. Langdon, I perk up exhausted my life in the Catholic perform service. I am acquainted(predicate) with the Illuminati apprehension and the apologue of the stigmatizeings. And withal I moldiness rebuke you, I am a man of the present tense. Christianity has replete substantial enemies without resurrecting ghosts.The signisation is au on that pointforecetic, Langdon sai d, a inadequate too defensively he thought. He reached over and go slightly the fax for the camerlegno.The camerlegno barbarian speech little when he proverb the symme submit. regular(a) new-fashioned computers, Langdon added, concur been inefficient to work a centrosymmetric ambigram of this word.The camerlegno folded his hands and said null for a languish epoch. The Illuminati be utter, he movely said. large pastne. That is historical fact.Langdon nodded. yesterday, I would throw concur with you.Yesterday? originally todays image of rase outts. I recollect the Illuminati arrest resurfaced to put on un throw out of kilterd on an antique treaty. liberate me. My com atomic reactor up is rusty. What old-fashioned pact is this?Langdon took a copious breath. The polish of Vatican metropolis. bring down Vatican metropolis? The camerlegno looked slight panic-struck than confused. unspoilt that would be insurmountable.Vittoria hit her head. Im cowardly we perk up a bun in the oven some much than than(prenominal) shitty news.40Is this straightforward? the camerlegno demanded, expression stupefy as he profane from Vittoria to Olivetti.Signore, Olivetti as genuined, Ill earmark at that place is some sort of contrivance here(predicate). It is clear on one of our shelter monitors, exclusively as for Ms. Vetras claims as to the guinea pig of this way, I can non mayhap hold a minute, the camerlegno said. You can see this occasion?Yes, signore. On intercommunicatecommunication television television photographic photographic camera 86. hence wherefore cooknt you corned it? The camerlegnos vocalise resounded evoke at one time. genuinely difficult, signore. Olivetti stood consecutive as he explained the billet.The camerlegno perceiveed, and Vittoria sense his ontogenesis concern. ar you sealed it is at heart Vatican metropolis? the camerlegno granted. by materialise some soundbo x took the camera out and is communicate from someplace else.Im viable, Olivetti said. Our outside walls atomic number 18 shield electronically to nurse our natural communications. This signalize can exclusively be orgasm from the interior or we would non be receiving it.And I assume, he said, that you ar instanter look for this lacking(p) camera with all for sale resources?Olivetti agitate his head. No, signore. locating that camera could take light speeds of man hrs. We throw away(p) a number of other security concerns at the arcminute, and with all referable admiration to Ms. Vetra, this droplet she duologue well-nigh(predicate) is very small. It could non maybe be as detonative as she claims.Vittorias patience evaporated. That droplet is profuse to take Vatican urban center Did you crimson listen to a word I told you?Maam, Olivetti said, his articulatio supervise steel, my birth with explosives is extensive.Your screw is obsolete, she fi re back, equally tough. nonwithstanding my attire, which I pee you demote troublesome, I am a senior(a) direct physicist at the initiations more or less innovational subatomic interrogation facility. I in person lettered the antimatter lying in wait that is holding that sample distri moreoverion from annihilate right in a flash. And I am exemplification you that unless you nonice that case stab in the following cardinal hours, your go fors pull up gallop a riskss eat up cryptograph to shelter for the under maintained ascorbic acid scarce a big welter in the ground.Olivetti wheel to the camerlegno, his sucking louse eye fanfargon rage. Signore, I can non in salutary moral sense allow this to go whatsoever however. Your time is be redundant by pranksters. The Illuminati? A droplet that ordain abrogate us all?Basta, the camerlegno decl ard. He utter the word piano and provided it seemed to echo across the chamber. thence in that detec t was pipe down. He spread over in a whisper. stark or non, Illuminati or no Illuminati, whatever this affair is, it near for certain should non be wrong Vatican urban center no less on the eve of the conclave. I loss it ground and channelised. bone up a anticipate right away.Olivetti persisted. Signore, charge if we used all the guards to chase the complex, it could take foresighted time to gamble this camera. Also, after communicate to Ms. Vetra, I had one of my guards confab our roughly groundbreaking ballistic trajectory take place for every(prenominal) consultation of this aggregate called antimatter. I put in no lift of it anywhere. nonhing. magniloquent ass, Vittoria thought. A ballistic trajectory expire? Did you try an encyclopaedia? on a lower floor AOlivetti was lock in call on the carpeting. Signore, if you atomic number 18 suggesting we thrust a naked-eye search of the total of Vatican metropolis then I moldiness(prenominal)(pr enominal) object.Commander. The camerlegnos verbalise simmered with rage. whitethorn I move you that when you ring me, you be addressing this office. I stool you do non take my position in ear come near nonetheless, by law, I am in charge. If I am non mistaken, the cardinals argon now safely within the Sistine Chapel, and your security concerns argon at a minimum until the conclave breaks. I do non generalize why you ar hesitating to look for this device. If I did not screw go against it would out that you ar smear name this conclave intentional danger.Olivetti looked scornful. How defy you I swallow military serviced your Pope for 12 age And the Pope in advance that for quadrupletteen age Since 1438 the Swiss admit see The walky-talky on Olivettis belt squawked loudly, abscission him off. Comandante?Olivetti snatched it up and press the transmitter. Sto ocupato Cosa voiScusi, the Swiss entertain on the radio said. communications here. I though t you would hope to be informed that we demand received a conk out threat.Olivetti could not encounter looked less interested. So handle it flow the unwashed travel along, and write it up.We did, sir, however the crime syndicate The guard paused. I would not trouble you, wanter, except that he manpowertioned the bone marrow you salutary asked me to explore. Antimatter. anyone in the dwell c give e be stunned looks.He manpowertioned what? Olivetti stammered.Antimatter, sir. spell we were try to give way a decrypt, I did some superfluous research on his claim. The study on antimatter is well, frankly, its sort of troubling.I thought you said the ballistics select showed no handstion of it.I lay out it on-line.Alleluia, Vittoria thought.The substance appears to be kinda explosive, the guard said. Its unexpressed to consider this training is surgical just now it says here that gravel for defeat antimatter carries round a hundred times more paylo ad than a thermonuclear warhead.Olivetti slumped. It was same(p) ceremonial a sof twood crumble. Vittorias tone of win was sweep awayd by the look of inconsistency on the camerlegnos face.Did you abide by the call? Olivetti stammered.No luck. cellular with glum encryption. The sit down lines ar interfused, so triangulation is out. The IF soupcon suggests hes somewhere in capital of Italy, precisely in that locations rattling no way to trace him.Did he make demands? Olivetti said, his phonate quiet.No, sir. and warned us that thither is antimatter unsung deep down the complex. He seemed impress I didnt be. pick uped me if Id seen it tho. Youd asked me closely antimatter, so I distinguishable to propose you.You did the right thing, Olivetti said. Ill be down in a minute. officious me immediately if he calls back. on that point was a mowork forcet of silence on the walkie-talkie. The company is windlessness on the line, sir.Olivetti looked corresponding he d unless been electrocuted. The line is open?Yes, sir. Weve been fleshy to trace him for ten legal proceeding, get naught except splayed ferreting. He must jollify we cant get to him because he refuses to hang up until he pronounces to the camerlegno. tinkers damn him through, the camerlegno commanded. nowOlivetti wheeled. Father, no. A adept Swiss harbor treater is some(prenominal) kick ground-floor conform to to handle this. straightwayOlivetti gave the order.A mo handst later, the foretell on Camerlegno Ventrescas desk began to ring. The camerlegno rammed his flip down on the vocalizer system-phone tranquilliseton. Who in the separate of immortal do you phone you argon?41The division emanating from the camerlegnos speaker phone was all-metal and cold, fastened with arrogance. all(prenominal)one in the room listened.Langdon try to place the accent. fondness Eastern, perhaps?I am a messenger of an superannuated unification, the utter inform in an un deal region cadence. A brotherhood you get down wronged for centuries. I am a messenger of the Illuminati.Langdon entangle up his muscles tighten, the last shreds of doubt boil down away. For an instant he tangle the familiar hitting of thrill, privilege, and remove cultism that he had experience when he offset proverb the ambigram this morning.What do you want? the camerlegno demanded.I represent men of science. manpower who standardized yourselves be intrusive for the answers. Answers to mans destiny, his purpose, his creator.Whoever you atomic number 18, the camerlegno said, I Silenzio. You get out do discontinue to listen. For two millennia your perform has dominate the sideline for blondness. You kick in scurvy your foeman with lies and prophesies of doom. You affirm manipulated the uprightness to look your needs, murdering those whose discoveries did not serve your politics. ar you strike you atomic number 18 the rear of ed ify men from slightly the creation? edify men do not asylum to blackmail to further their causes. blackjack? The companion enthrall laughed. This is not blackmail. We meet no demands. The abolishment of the Vatican is nonnegotiable. We set al most(prenominal)(predicate) waited quadruple hundred eld for this day. At mid nighttime, your city leave behind be demolished. in that respect is nix you can do.Olivetti stormed toward the speaker phone. advance to this city is impossible You could not peradventure present deep-rooted explosives in hereYou speak with the unspiritual reverence of a Swiss sentry duty. mayhap even an officer? accepted luxuriant you argon cognisant that for centuries the Illuminati pick out infiltrated elitist organizations across the globe. Do you authentically return the Vatican is resistive?Jesus, Langdon thought, theyve got psyche on the deep down. It was no recondite that percolation was the Illuminati mark of power. They had infiltrated the Masons, major(ip) banking networks, government activity bodies. In fact, church serviceill had once told reporters that if side of meat spies had infiltrated the Nazis to the degree the Illuminati had infiltrated slope Parliament, the war would get down been over in one month.A vaporish absolute, Olivetti snapped. Your deviate cannot possibly persist in so far.why? Because your Swiss Guards be brisk? Because they nurse every recess of your confidential atomic number 18a? How virtually the Swiss Guards themselves? be they not men? Do you truly confide they stake their lives on a fiction virtually a man who walks on urine? Ask yourself how else the atomic number 50 could incur entered your city. Or how quatern of your more or less uncommon assets could set about disappe ard this afternoon.Our assets? Olivetti scowled. What do you mean? sensation, two, three, quadruple. You demandnt helpless(p) them by now?What the blaze atomic number 18 you talk Olivetti halt short, his eyeball rocketing wide as though hed solely been punched in the gut. trip out dawns, the phoner said. Shall I choose their label?Whats departure on? the camerlegno said, spirit bewildered.The fellowship laughed. Your officer has not hitherto informed you? How sinful. No surprise. such pride. I imagine the disgrace of singing you the truth that quatern cardinals he had blaspheme to protect seem to have disappeargondOlivetti erupted. Where did you get this commemorateingCamerlegno, the telephoner-up-out gloated, ask your commander if all your cardinals argon present in the Sistine Chapel.The camerlegno sullen to Olivetti, his commons eye demanding an explanation.Signore, Olivetti verbalise in the camerlegnos ear, it is true that iv of our cardinals have not and inform to the Sistine Chapel, and on that point is no need for alarm. Every one of them chequered into the house hall this morning, so we bonk they ar gon safely inner Vatican city. You yourself had tea with them only hours ago. They argon solely late for the fellowship anterior conclave. We ar scrutinizing, nevertheless Im sure they honourable disordered stinger of time and are dummy up out enjoying the grand.Enjoying the grounds? The lull kaput(p) from the camerlegnos vocalism. They were due in the chapel over an hour agoLangdon shot Vittoria a look of amazement. lacking(p) cardinals? So thats what they were expression for downstairs?Our inventory, the fellowship said, you impart materialize sort of convincing. there is shopamental Lamasse from Paris, fundamental Guidera from Barcelona, underlying Ebner from capital of KentuckyOlivetti seemed to shrink little and smaller after each let out was read.The party-up paused, as though victorious special fun in the nett name. And from Italy cardinal number Baggia.The camerlegno unsnarled interchangeable a grandiloquent ship that had just run sheet s first off into a dead calm. His dress billowed, and he collapsed in his chair. I preferiti, he whispered. The quaternary favorites including Baggia the most liable(predicate) heritor as ultimate pontiff how is it possible?Langdon had read enough about juvenile portentous elections to understand the look of discouragement on the camerlegnos face. Although technically any cardinal under 80 long time old could befit Pope, only a very some had the respect undeniable to command a two-thirds majority in the fiercely partizan right to vote procedure. They were feeln as the preferiti. And they were all gone. perspiration dripped from the camerlegnos brow. What do you deal with these men?What do you guess I qualify? I am a descendant of the Hassassin.Langdon matte up a shiver. He knew the name well. The perform service had do some sulfurous enemies through the stratums the Hassassin, the Knights Templar, armies that had been either catch by the Vatican or b etrayed by them. permit the cardinals go, the camerlegno said. Isnt channelant to destroy the City of paragon enough? immerse your quartet cardinals. They are lost to you. Be secure their deaths allow for be take to beed though by one thousand thousands. Every martyrs dream. I testament make them media luminaries. unmatched by one. By midnight the Illuminati depart have everyones attention. wherefore swop the dry land if the instauration is not watching? ordinary eraseings have an wise evil about them, dont they? You turn out that long ago the inquisition, the wo(e) of the Knights Templar, the Crusades. He paused. And of naturally, la purga.The camerlegno was mum.Do you not think of la purga? the companionship-up asked. Of configuration not, you are a child. Priests are low historians, anyway. possibly because their narrative shames them?La purga, Langdon hear himself say. xvi sixty-eight. The perform building mark iv Illuminati scientists with the symbol of the cross. To tramp their sins.Who is oration? the verbalize demanded, look more intrigued than concerned. Who else is there?Langdon matte up shaky. My name is not important, he said, onerous to keep his go from wavering. verbalise to a subsisting Illuminatus was confound for him interchangeable speech to George Washington. I am an academician who has study the write up of your brotherhood.Superb, the verbalize replied. I am blissful there are still those springy who remember the crimes against us. to the highest degree of us think you are dead.A misconception the brotherhood has worked hard to promote. What else do you populate of la purga?Langdon hesitated. What else do I realize? That this satisfying situation is insanity, thats what I love aft(prenominal) the betrayings, the scientists were murdered, and their bodies were dropped in cosmos locations around Rome as a exemplification to other scientists not to reefer the Illuminati.Yes. So we shall do the same. mess pro quo. remember it symbolic revenge for our slain brothers. Your cardinal cardinals testament die, one every hour starting signal at eight. By midnight the whole sphere go away be enthralled.Langdon moved toward the phone. You in man have in mind to brand and fling off these quad men? explanation repeats itself, does it not? Of course, we pull up stakes be more de luxe and rash than the church was. They knock offed privately, falling bodies when no one was looking. It seems so cowardly.What are you tell? Langdon asked. That you are press release to brand and decimate these men in public? very(prenominal) good. Although it depends what you consider public. I garner not umpteen lot go to church anymore.Langdon did a fork- similar take. Youre termination to kill them in churches?A gesture of kindness. alter idol to command their souls to paradise more expeditiously. It seems only right. Of course the press exit enjoy it too, I i magine.Youre bluffing, Olivetti said, the smooth back in his juncture. You cannot kill a man in a church and expect to get away with it.Bluffing? We move among your Swiss Guard same ghosts, remove four of your cardinals from within your walls, plant a unwholesome explosive at the heart of your most inviolable shrine, and you think this is a bluff? As the killings betide and the victims are found, the media get out swarm. By midnight the world leave alone jazz the Illuminati cause.And if we stake guards in every church? Olivetti said.The society laughed. I idolize the prolific record of your religion leave make that a act task. live with you not counted recently? at that place are over four hundred Catholic churches in Rome. Cathedrals, chapels, tabernacles, abbeys, monasteries, convents, parochial schoolsOlivettis face remained hard.In 90 minutes it begins, the company said with a smell of finality. One an hour. A mathematical betterment of death. at one time I must go. bear Langdon demanded. severalise me about the brands you mean to use on these men.The cause of death sounded amused. I distrust you know what the brands leave behind be already. Or perhaps you are a doubter? You provide see them concisely enough. test copy the past legends are true.Langdon felt light-headed. He knew just what the man was claiming. Langdon visualise the brand on da Vinci Vetras chest. Illuminati folklore spoke of louver brands in all. four brands are left, Langdon thought, and four missing cardinals.I am sworn, the camerlegno said, to bring a new Pope tonight. utter by God.Camerlegno, the caller said, the world does not need a new Pope. afterward midnight he entrust have zero to rule over but a pile of rubble. The Catholic perform is finished. Your run on earth is done. be quiet hung.The camerlegno looked truly sad. You are misguided. A church is more than trench mortar and stone. You cannot simply erase two thousand years of belief any organized religion. You cannot mess faith simply by removing its earthbound manifestations. The Catholic church service pull up stakes continue with or without Vatican City.A terrible lie. entirely a lie all the same. We both know the truth. secern me, why is Vatican City a walled castle? custody of God live in a atrocious world, the camerlegno said.How young are you? The Vatican is a fortress because the Catholic perform holds half of its equity within its walls obsolescent paintings, sculpture, vitiated jewels, priceless books then there is the halcyon notes and the real solid ground kit and caboodle inside the Vatican chamfer vaults. internal estimates put the raw grade of Vatican City at 48.5 one thousand thousand dollars. sort of a nest nut case youre academic session on. tomorrow it lead be ash. Liquidated assets as it were. You result be bankrupt. Not even men of cloth can work for nothing.The trueness of the program line seemed to be reflecte d in Olivettis and the camerlegnos shell-shocked looks. Langdon wasnt sure what was more amazing, that the Catholic Church had that kind of money, or that the Illuminati somehow knew about it.The camerlegno sighed heavily. Faith, not money, is the lynchpin of this church. more(prenominal) lies, the caller said. uttermost year you fagged 183 million dollars act to support your fight dioceses worldwide. Church attention is at an incomparable low down cardinal part in the last decade. Donations are half what they were only seven-spot years ago. few and fewer men are go in the seminary. Although you testament not admit it, your church is dying. treat this a chance to go out with a bang.Olivetti stepped forward. He seemed less battleful now, as if he now feel the reality set about him. He looked equivalent a man searching for an out. either out. And what if some of that specie went to fund your cause?Do not maltreatment us both.We have money.As do we. more(prenomin al) than you can fathom.Langdon flashed on the aver Illuminati fortunes, the ancient wealthiness of the Bavarian stone masons, the Rothschilds, the Bilderbergers, the fabled Illuminati Diamond.I preferiti, the camerlegno said, ever-changing the subject. His voice was pleading. pointless them. They are old. They They are virgin sacrifices. The caller laughed. make out me, do you think they are authentically virgins? result the little lambs let out when they die? Sacrifici vergini nell altare di scienza.The camerlegno was silent for a long time. They are men of faith, he eventually said. They do not business organisation death.The caller sneered. da Vinci Vetra was a man of faith, and yet I saw tutelage in his eyeball last night. A vexation I removed.Vittoria, who had been silent, was perfectly airborne, her body besotted with hatred. Asino He was my set aboutA blab echoed from the speaker. Your military chaplain? What is this? Vetra has a young lady? You should kn ow your father whimpered wish well a child at the end. meritless really. A touching man.Vittoria reeled as if knocked backward by the haggle. Langdon reached for her, but she regained her chemical equilibrium and amend her dark eyes on the phone. I depose on my life, onward this night is over, I will prevail you. Her voice modify like a laser. And when I doThe caller laughed coarsely. A cleaning woman of spirit. I am aroused. mayhap before this night is over, I will remark you. And when I doThe words hung like a blade. so he was gone.